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MOSES is a novel flexible observing system of the Helmholtz Association specifically designed to investigate the interactions of short-term events and long-term trends. The events in focus are heat waves, hydrological extremes, ocean eddies and permafrost thaw.

A first measurement campaign on heat waves took place in July 2018 near Jülich studying soil moisture, ground - atmosphere exchange processes, and the distribution of atmospheric aerosol particles. Focus of our contribution was the determination of aerosol particle and cloud spatial distributions using a new 3D scanning aerosol LIDAR. This work will improve our understanding how aerosols, extrem weather, and climate change interact.